@article {83,
	title = {Heterogeneous Reactivity of Nitric Acid with Nascent Sea Spray Aerosol: Large Differences Observed between and within Individual Particles.},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2014},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2014:1085495(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	pages = {2493 - 2500},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {Current climate and atm. chem. models assume that all sea spray particles react as if they are pure NaCl.  However, recent studies of sea spray aerosol particles have shown that distinct particle types exist (including sea salt, org. C, and biol. particles) as well as mixts. of these and, within each particle type, there is a range of single-particle chem. compns.  Because of these differences, individual particles should display a range of reactivities with trace atm. gases.  We studied the compn. of individual sea spray aerosol particles after heterogeneous reaction with nitric acid.  As expected, a replacement reaction of chloride with nitrate is obsd.; however, there is a large range of reactivities spanning from no reaction to complete reaction between and within individual sea spray aerosol particles.  These data clearly support the need for lab. studies of individual, environmentally relevant particles to improve our fundamental understanding as to the properties that det. reactivity. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {heterogeneous reactivity nitrate nascent sea spray aerosol},
	isbn = {1948-7185},
	author = {Ault, Andrew P. and Guasco, Timothy L. and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Ryder, Olivia S. and Trueblood, Jonathan V. and Collins, Douglas B. and Ruppel, Matthew J. and Cuadra-Rodriguez, Luis A. and Prather, Kimberly A. and Grassian, Vicki H.}
}
@article {105,
	title = {Heterogeneous Uptake and Adsorption of Gas-Phase Formic Acid on Oxide and Clay Particle Surfaces: The Roles of Surface Hydroxyl Groups and Adsorbed Water in Formic Acid Adsorption and the Impact of Formic Acid Adsorption on Water Uptake.},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry A},
	volume = {117},
	year = {2013},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2013:1536458(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	pages = {11316 - 11327},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {Org. acids in the atm. are ubiquitous and are often correlated with mineral dust aerosol.  Heterogeneous chem. and the uptake of org. acids on mineral dust particles can potentially alter the properties of the particle.  In this study, heterogeneous uptake and reaction of formic acid, HCOOH, the most abundant carboxylic acid present in the atm., on oxide and clays of the most abundant elements, Si and Al, present in the Earth{\textquoteright}s crust are investigated under dry and humid conditions.  In particular, quant. adsorption measurements using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) coupled with spectroscopic studies using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform IR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy are combined to allow for both quantification of the amt. of uptake and identification of distinct adsorbed species formed on silica, alumina, and kaolinite particle surfaces at 298 K.  These oxides and clay particles show significant differences in the extent and speciation of adsorbed HCOOH due to inherent differences in surface -OH group reactivity.  Adsorbed water, controlled by relative humidity, can increase the irreversible uptake of formic acid.  Interestingly, the resulting layer of adsorbed formate on the particle surface decreases the particle hydrophilicity thereby decreasing the amt. of water taken up by the surface as measured by QCM.  Atm. implications of this study are discussed. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {heterogeneous uptake adsorption gas phase formic acid oxide clay},
	isbn = {1089-5639},
	author = {Rubasinghege, Gayan and Ogden, Saralyn and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Grassian, Vicki H.}
}
@article {135,
	title = {Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry of Lead Oxide Particles with Nitrogen Dioxide Increases Lead Solubility: Environmental and Health Implications.},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2012},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2012:1499142(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	month = {2012///},
	pages = {12806 - 12813},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {The heterogeneous chem. of NO2 with Pb-contg. particles was examd. to better understand Pb metal mobilization in the environment.  In particular, PbO particles, a model Pb-contg. compd. due to its widespread presence as a Pb paint and as naturally-occurring mineral (massicot, and litharge) component, were exposed to NO2 at different relative humidities.  XPS showed that upon exposure to NO2, the PbO particle surface reacts forming adsorbed NO3- and Pb(NO3)2 thin films; the extent of NO3- formation was relatively humidity dependent.  NO2-exposed PbO particles had an increased amt. of Pb which dissolved in aq. suspensions at circumneutral pH vs. unexposed particles.  Results identified the potential importance and impact that heterogeneous chem. with trace atm. gases can have on increasing soly. and hence the mobilization of heavy metals such as Pb in the environment.  Results also showed that surface intermediates which form, such as adsorbed Pb(NO3)2, can yield higher Pb concns. in water, including drinking, estuary, and lake water, and groundwater. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {air water soil pollution lead following nitrogen dioxide reaction, environmental health implication lead oxide reaction nitrogen dioxide, lead oxide particle heterogeneous atm chem, nitrogen dioxide reaction lead oxide particle increased lead soly},
	isbn = {0013-936X},
	author = {Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Chen, Haihan and Rubasinghege, Gayan and Grassian, Vicki H.}
}
@article {191,
	title = {Heterogeneous uptake and reactivity of formic acid on calcium carbonate particles: a Knudsen cell reactor, FTIR and SEM study.},
	journal = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2005},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2005:1066074(Journal)},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {3587 - 3595},
	publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
	abstract = {The heterogeneous uptake and reactivity of formic acid (HCOOH), a common gas-phase org. acid found in the environment, on calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles have been investigated using a Knudsen cell reactor, Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy and SEM.  FTIR measurements show that the adsorption of formic acid on the surface of calcium carbonate results in the formation of calcium formate.  Besides calcium formate, carbonic acid is also a reaction product under dry conditions (<1\% RH).  Under dry conditions and at low pressures, the initial uptake coeff. of formic acid on CaCO3 particles is measured to be 3 {\textpm} 1 {\texttimes} 10-3 and decreases as the surface sats. with adsorbed products.  The max. surface coverage of formic acid under dry conditions is detd. to be (3 {\textpm} 1) {\texttimes} 1014 mols. cm-2.  Under humidified conditions (RH >10\%), adsorbed water on the surface of the carbonate particles participates in the surface reactivity of these particles, which results in the enhanced uptake kinetics and extent of reaction of this org. acid on CaCO3 as well as opens up several new reaction pathways.  These reaction pathways include: (i) the water-assisted dissocn. of carbonic acid to CO2 and H2O and (ii) the formation of calcium formate islands and crystallites, as evident by SEM images.  The results presented here show that adsorbed water plays a potentially important role in the surface chem. of gas-phase org. acids on calcium carbonate particles. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {adsorption chemisorption formic acid calcium carbonate particle},
	isbn = {1463-9076},
	author = {Al-Hosney, Hashim A. and Carlos-Cuellar, Sofia and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Grassian, Vicki H.}
}
