@article {86,
	title = {Iron oxide nanoparticles induce Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth, induce biofilm formation, and inhibit antimicrobial peptide function.},
	journal = {Environmental Science: Nano},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2014},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2014:465811(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	pages = {123 - 132},
	publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
	abstract = {Given the increased use of iron-contg. nanoparticles in a no. of applications, it is important to understand any effects that iron-contg. nanoparticles can have on the environment and human health.  Since iron concns. are extremely low in body fluids, there is potential that iron-contg. nanoparticles may influence the ability of bacteria to scavenge iron for growth, affect virulence and inhibit antimicrobial peptide (AMP) function.  In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA01) and AMPs were exposed to iron oxide nanoparticles, hematite (α-Fe2O3), of different sizes ranging from 2 to 540 nm (2 {\textpm} 1, 43 {\textpm} 6, 85 {\textpm} 25 and 540 {\textpm} 90 nm) in diam.  Here we show that the greatest effect on bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and AMP function impairment is found when exposed to the smallest particles.  These results are attributed in large part to enhanced dissoln. obsd. for the smallest particles and an increase in the amt. of bioavailable iron.  Furthermore, AMP function can be addnl. impaired by adsorption onto nanoparticle surfaces.  In particular, lysozyme readily adsorbs onto the nanoparticle surface which can lead to loss of peptide activity.  Thus, this current study shows that co-exposure of nanoparticles and known pathogens can impact host innate immunity.  Therefore, it is important that future studies be designed to further understand these types of impacts. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {Pseudomonas iron oxide nanoparticle biofilm antimicrobial peptide},
	isbn = {2051-8161},
	author = {Borcherding, Jennifer and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Chen, Haihan and Stebounova, Larissa and Wu, Chia-Ming and Rubasinghege, Gayan and Mudunkotuwa, Imali A. and Caraballo, Juan Carlos and Zabner, Joseph and Grassian, Vicki H. and Comellas, Alejandro P.}
}
@article {99,
	title = {Coal fly ash impairs airway antimicrobial peptides and increases bacterial growth.},
	journal = {PLoS One},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2013},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2013:396251(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	pages = {e57673},
	publisher = {Public Library of Science},
	abstract = {Air pollution is a risk factor for respiratory infections, and one of its main components is particulate matter (PM), which is comprised of a no. of particles that contain iron, such as coal fly ash (CFA).  Since free iron concns. are extremely low in airway surface liq. (ASL), we hypothesize that CFA impairs antimicrobial peptides (AMP) function and can be a source of iron to bacteria.  We tested this hypothesis in vivo by instilling mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA01) and CFA and det. the percentage of bacterial clearance.  In addn., we tested bacterial clearance in cell culture by exposing primary human airway epithelial cells to PA01 and CFA and detg. the AMP activity and bacterial growth in vitro.  We report that CFA is a bioavailable source of iron for bacteria.  We show that CFA interferes with bacterial clearance in vivo and in primary human airway epithelial cultures.  Also, we demonstrate that CFA inhibits AMP activity in vitro, which we propose as a mechanism of our cell culture and in vivo results.  Furthermore, PA01 uses CFA as an iron source with a direct correlation between CFA iron dissoln. and bacterial growth.  CFA concns. used are very relevant to human daily exposures, thus posing a potential public health risk for susceptible subjects.  Although CFA provides a source of bioavailable iron for bacteria, not all CFA particles have the same biol. effects, and their propensity for iron dissoln. is an important factor.  CFA impairs lung innate immune mechanisms of bacterial clearance, specifically AMP activity.  We expect that identifying the PM mechanisms of respiratory infections will translate into public health policies aimed at controlling, not only concn. of PM exposure, but physicochem. characteristics that will potentially cause respiratory infections in susceptible individuals and populations. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	isbn = {1932-6203},
	author = {Borcherding, Jennifer A. and Chen, Haihan and Caraballo, Juan C. and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Pezzulo, Alejandro A. and Zabner, Joseph and Grassian, Vicki H. and Comellas, Alejandro P.}
}
@article {129,
	title = {Coal fly ash as iron source in atmospheric dust.},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2012},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2012:79841(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	month = {2012///},
	pages = {2112 - 2120},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {Anthropogenic coal fly ash (FA) aerosol may represent a significant source of bioavailable iron in the open ocean.  Few measurements have been made that compare the soly. of atm. iron from anthropogenic aerosols and other sources.  We report here an investigation of iron dissoln. for three FA samples in acidic aq. solns. and compare the solubilities with that of Arizona test dust (AZTD), a ref. material for mineral dust.  The effects of pH, simulated cloud processing, and solar radiation on iron soly. have been explored.  Similar to previously reported results on mineral dust, iron in aluminosilicate phases provides the predominant component of dissolved iron.  Iron soly. of FA is substantially higher than of the cryst. minerals comprising AZTD.  Simulated atm. processing elevates iron soly. due to significant changes in the morphol. of aluminosilicate glass, a dominant material in FA particles.  Iron is continuously released into the aq. soln. as FA particles break up into smaller fragments.  These results suggest that the assessment of dissolved atm. iron deposition fluxes and their effect on the biogeochem. at the ocean surface should be constrained by the source, environmental pH, iron speciation, and solar radiation. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {coal fly ash iron atm dust qual analysis aluminosilicate},
	isbn = {0013-936X},
	author = {Chen, Haihan and Laskin, Alexander and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Gorski, Christopher A. and Scherer, Michelle M. and Grassian, Vicki H.}
}
@article {135,
	title = {Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry of Lead Oxide Particles with Nitrogen Dioxide Increases Lead Solubility: Environmental and Health Implications.},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2012},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2012:1499142(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	month = {2012///},
	pages = {12806 - 12813},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {The heterogeneous chem. of NO2 with Pb-contg. particles was examd. to better understand Pb metal mobilization in the environment.  In particular, PbO particles, a model Pb-contg. compd. due to its widespread presence as a Pb paint and as naturally-occurring mineral (massicot, and litharge) component, were exposed to NO2 at different relative humidities.  XPS showed that upon exposure to NO2, the PbO particle surface reacts forming adsorbed NO3- and Pb(NO3)2 thin films; the extent of NO3- formation was relatively humidity dependent.  NO2-exposed PbO particles had an increased amt. of Pb which dissolved in aq. suspensions at circumneutral pH vs. unexposed particles.  Results identified the potential importance and impact that heterogeneous chem. with trace atm. gases can have on increasing soly. and hence the mobilization of heavy metals such as Pb in the environment.  Results also showed that surface intermediates which form, such as adsorbed Pb(NO3)2, can yield higher Pb concns. in water, including drinking, estuary, and lake water, and groundwater. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {air water soil pollution lead following nitrogen dioxide reaction, environmental health implication lead oxide reaction nitrogen dioxide, lead oxide particle heterogeneous atm chem, nitrogen dioxide reaction lead oxide particle increased lead soly},
	isbn = {0013-936X},
	author = {Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Chen, Haihan and Rubasinghege, Gayan and Grassian, Vicki H.}
}
