@article {354,
	title = {Spatially Resolved Product Speciation During Struvite Synthesis from Magnesite (MgCO3) Particles in Ammonium (NH4+) and Phosphate (PO43-) Aqueous Solutions},
	journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C},
	year = {2019},
	note = {doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12252},
	month = {2019/03/21},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	isbn = {1932-7447},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12252},
	author = {Lu, Baoying and Kiani, Daniyal and Taifan, William and Barauskas, Dovydas and Honer, Kenneth and Zhang, Lihua and Baltrusaitis, Jonas}
}
@article {310,
	title = {Smart urea ionic co-crystals with enhanced urease inhibition activity for improved nitrogen cycle management},
	journal = {Chemical Communications},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018},
	pages = {7637 - 7640},
	publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},
	abstract = {A smart ionic co-crystal of urea with KCl and ZnCl2 has been obtained in two polymorphic modifications via mechanochemical and solution methods and proven to be a very efficient urease inhibitor while, simultaneously, able to provide soil nutrients to complement N supply.},
	isbn = {1359-7345},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8CC03777A},
	author = {Casali, Lucia and Mazzei, Luca and Shemchuk, Oleksii and Honer, Kenneth and Grepioni, Fabrizia and Ciurli, Stefano and Braga, Dario and Baltrusaitis, Jonas}
}
@article {325,
	title = {Structure and Vibrational Properties of Potassium-Promoted Tungsten Oxide Catalyst Monomeric Sites Supported on Alumina (K2O/WO3/Al2O3) Characterized Using Periodic Density Functional Theory},
	journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C},
	volume = {122},
	year = {2018},
	note = {doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b08214},
	month = {2018/10/25},
	pages = {24190 - 24201},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	isbn = {1932-7447},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b08214},
	author = {Kiani, Daniyal and Belletti, Gustavo and Quaino, Paola and Tielens, Frederik and Baltrusaitis, Jonas}
}
@article {199,
	title = {Spectroscopic and Microscopic Identification of the Reaction Products and Intermediates During the Struvite (MgNH4PO4{\textperiodcentered}6H2O) Formation from Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and Magnesium Carbonate (MgCO3) Microparticles.},
	journal = {ACS Sustainable Chemistry \& Engineering},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2017},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2017:22438(Journal)},
	month = {2017///},
	pages = {1567{\textendash}1577},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	chapter = {1567},
	abstract = {One of the key global challenges forthcoming will be maintaining a clean, useable natural water supply.  Anthropogenic wastewater is an unavoidable result of population growth and societal development; therefore the treatment of wastewater is of the utmost importance.  The mineral struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, MgNH4PO4{\textperiodcentered}6H2O) is a cryst. material that occurs naturally in decompg. org. materials and been obsd. in sludge derived from the anaerobic digestion of animal farming liq. wastes and treated wastewater sludge.  The accumulation of struvite on pipe walls and equipment surfaces has plagued the wastewater treatment industry though the formation of struvite prior to the treatment process could potentially provide a pathway for the sustainable recovery of the major nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P).  Current methods of nutrient removal from wastewater are mostly based on insol. Fe, Al and Ca salt formation followed by landfill disposal without returning them to the environment.  Struvite is one of the most promising chem. platforms for recovering nutrients, which previously was done using expensive water-sol. magnesium salts.  Our objectives were to examine the potential of low soly., naturally abundant magnesium inorg. materials (MgO and MgCO3) for the utilization of nutrient recovery from wastewater via time resolved ex situ XRD, ATR-FTIR and Raman analyses, and SEM measurements to identify reactive intermediates and use spectroscopic data for kinetics anal.  Our data suggest that a common reactive intermediate between homo- and heterogeneously nucleated struvite exists that is due to the amorphous magnesium hydroxide structural units.  The presence of low coordination O4C-H, O3C-H and O1C-H surface hydroxyl groups, assocd. with the surface steps, edges and kinks is proposed to enhance struvite formation and increase in their abundance and stabilization are suggested for the MgO and MgCO3 prepn. before the struvite recovery.  Two different crystal morphologies (needle and rhomboidal) were obsd. for reactions with 600 and 4000 ppm of (NH4)2HPO4, which were proposed to form due to the kinetic control of the reaction at higher concns.  Finally, Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the relative kinetics of struvite formation utilizing the relative populations of the magnesium carbonate or struvite, as obtained from the area under the 1125 and 950 cm-1 peaks providing a spectroscopic method to monitor reactive solid magnesium source conversion into struvite. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	isbn = {2168-0485},
	author = {Kirinovic, Erica and Leichtfuss, Amanda N and Navizaga, Criztel and Zhang, Hanyu and Schuttlefield-Christus, Jennifer and Baltrusaitis, Jonas}
}
@article {232,
	title = {Surface chemistry of MgO/SiO2 catalyst during the ethanol catalytic conversion to 1,3-butadiene: in-situ DRIFTS and DFT study},
	journal = {Catalysis Science \& Technology},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017},
	pages = {4648 - 4668},
	publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},
	abstract = {1,3-Butadiene is an important commodity chemical and new, selective routes of catalytic synthesis using green feedstocks, such as ethanol, is of interest. For this purpose, surface chemistry of MgO/SiO2 catalyst synthesized using wet-kneading was explored during the reaction of ethanol and the corresponding reactive intermediates, including acetaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, crotyl alcohol using temperature programmed in situ DRIFT spectroscopy combined with DFT calculations. Ethanol adsorption yielded several physisorbed and chemisorbed surface species. Acetaldehyde exhibited high reactivity to form crotonaldehyde. However, aldehyde intermediates resulted in strongly bound surface species stable even at high temperatures, assigned to surface acetate, and/or 2,4-hexadienal or polymerized acetaldehyde. Crotonaldehyde was reduced by ethanol to yield crotyl alcohol via MPV mechanism. Crotyl alcohol, on the other hand, showed to be very reactive and yield two different species on the surface, namely physisorbed and deprotonated that would further desorb as 1,3-BD. Presence of gas phase hydrogen containing molecules, such as ethanol, proved to be key in several reactive steps, including acetaldehyde condensation step and crotonaldehyde reduction. Altogether, these data suggested complex reactive interactions between the surface hydroxyl groups, gaseous reactants and surface bound reactive intermediates during the 1,3-BD formation. Future work is needed to correlate vapor phase product evolution with the transient reactive surface intermediates to examine trends leading to higher overall 1,3-BD selectivity.},
	isbn = {2044-4753},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C7CY01556A},
	author = {Taifan, William E. and Yan, George X. and Baltrusaitis, Jonas}
}
@article {262,
	title = {Sustainable Ammonia Production},
	journal = {ACS Sustainable Chemistry \& Engineering},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2017},
	note = {doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03719},
	month = {2017/11/06},
	pages = {9527 - 9527},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03719},
	author = {Baltrusaitis, Jonas}
}
@article {57,
	title = {Solar hydrogen generation over CdS incorporated in Ti-MCM-48 mesoporous materials under visible light illumination.},
	journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2016},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2016:137661(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	month = {2016},
	pages = {4106 - 4119},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {MCM-48 cubic mesoporous materials contg. CdS and spatially isolated titania nanoclusters were prepd. in this study.  Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption isotherm, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), at. absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), XPS, and ESR (EPR) studies were employed for the characterization of the CdS contg. Ti-MCM-48 mesoporous materials.  In the current study, all the samples showed photocatalytic activity under visible light (λ > 400 nm) irradn. for prodn. of hydrogen from splitting of water without Pt as a co-catalyst.  The solar hydrogen evolution rate by visible light irradn. seemed to be dependent on CdS and TiO2 content and the most active photocatalyst produced hydrogen at a rate of 2.726 mmol/h/gcatalyst.  The apparent quantum yield of the most active photocatalyst was estd. to be 36.3\%. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {photocatalyst photocatalysis, solar hydrogen cadmium sulfide titanium Mzeolite mesoporous visible light},
	isbn = {0360-3199},
	author = {Peng, Rui and Wu, Chia-Ming and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Dimitrijevic, Nada M. and Rajh, Tijana and Koodali, Ranjit T.}
}
@article {58,
	title = {Surface chemistry of carbon dioxide revisited.},
	journal = {Surface Science Reports},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2016},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2016:1627850(Journal; General Review; Online Computer File)},
	month = {2016},
	pages = {595 - 671},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	abstract = {A review.  This review discusses modern developments in CO2 surface chem. by focusing on the work published since the original review by H.J.  Freund and M.W.  Roberts two decades ago (Surface Science Reports 25 (1996) 225-273).  It includes relevant fundamentals pertaining to the topics covered in that earlier review, such as conventional metal and metal oxide surfaces and CO2 interactions thereon.  While UHV spectroscopy has routinely been applied for CO2 gas-solid interface anal., the present work goes further by describing surface-CO2 interactions under elevated CO2 pressure on non-oxide surfaces, such as zeolites, sulfides, carbides and nitrides.  Furthermore, it describes addnl. salient in situ techniques relevant to the resoln. of the interfacial chem. of CO2, notably IR spectroscopy and state-of-the-art theor. methods, currently used in the resoln. of solid and sol. carbonate species in liq.-water vapor, liq.-solid and liq.-liq. interfaces.  These techniques are directly relevant to fundamental, natural and technol. settings, such as heterogeneous and environmental catalysis and CO2 sequestration. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {review surface chem carbon dioxide revisited},
	isbn = {0167-5729},
	author = {Taifan, William and Boily, Jean-Francois and Baltrusaitis, Jonas.}
}
@article {72,
	title = {Solar simulated hydrogen evolution using cobalt oxide nanoclusters deposited on titanium dioxide mesoporous materials prepared by evaporation induced self-assembly process.},
	journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2015},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2015:1176980(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	pages = {10795 - 10806},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {Cobalt-contg. TiO2 mesoporous materials were prepd. by Evapn.-Induced Self-Assembly (EISA) process.  The resulting mesoporous materials were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen physisorption, Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), XPS, and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL).  The photocatalytic activities of the mesoporous materials were investigated for hydrogen prodn. under solar simulated conditions.  The non-modified TiO2 sample produced only 4 μmole H2/g catalyst after 4 h of irradn.  In contrast, the Co contg. mesoporous materials produced significantly higher amts. of hydrogen under identical conditions.  The highest solar hydrogen evolution (634 μmole H2/g catalyst after 4 h of irradn.) was from the Co-TiO2-0.5 material.  The physico-chem. characterization results indicate that the Co2+ ions are dispersed as oxide species on the surface of the mesoporous titania.  These cobalt surface species act as trap sites preventing recombination of the charge carriers as shown by PL measurements.  The addn. of Co2+ ions to the synthesis mixt. prevents the formation of anatase-to-rutile which favorably permits more solar hydrogen prodn. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {solar radiation hydrogen prodn cobalt oxide nanocluster titania selfassembly},
	isbn = {0360-3199},
	author = {Mahoney, Luther and Peng, Rui and Wu, Chia-Ming and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Koodali, Ranjit T.}
}
@article {73,
	title = {Structural, chemical and optical properties of the polyethylene-copper sulfide composite thin films synthesized using polythionic acid as sulfur source.},
	journal = {Applied Surface Science},
	volume = {347},
	year = {2015},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2015:735335(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	pages = {520 - 527},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	abstract = {Synthesis and properties of thin copper sulfide films deposited on polyethylene were explored for the development of low cost hybrid org.-inorg. photovoltaic materials.  Polyethylene was used as a model org. host material for thin copper sulfide film formation.  Adsorption-diffusion method was used which utilized consecutive exposure of polyethylene to polythionic acid followed by aq. Cu(II/I) soln.  Several cryst. copper sulfide phases were obtained in synthesized samples and elucidated using X-ray diffraction.  Surface chem. compn. detd. using XPS showed the presence of copper sulfides in combination with copper hydroxide.  Thickness of the composite material films ranged from several microns to \~{}18 μm and depended on the Cu(II/I) exposure time.  Band gap of the materials obtained was measured and ranged from 1.88 to 1.17 eV.  Importantly, heating these complex copper sulfide cryst. phase contg. films at 100 {\textdegree}C in inert atm. invariably resulted in a single copper sulfide, anilite (Cu1.75S), phase.  Anilite possesses a bandgap of 1.36 eV and has demonstrated excellent photovoltaic properties.  Thus, the method described in this work can be used for a low cost large scale composite thin film photovoltaic material deposition based on anilite as photoactive material. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {photovoltaic property copper sulfide thin film, polyethylene copper sulfide thin film optical property},
	isbn = {0169-4332},
	author = {Ancutiene, Ingrida and Navea, Juan G. and Baltrusaitis, Jonas.}
}
@article {74,
	title = {Structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of zinc-cobalt oxide films on AISI 304 type steel.},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Electrochemistry},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2015},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2015:274124(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	pages = {405 - 417},
	publisher = {Springer},
	abstract = {Zn-Co oxide films were prepd. by electrochem. deposition under potentiostatic conditions.  The effects of synthesis conditions on structure, morphol., compn. and electrochem. properties of deposited films were studied by at. absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform IR, XPS, X-ray diffraction, SEM and photovoltammetry anal.  It has been detd. that the as-deposited films are lamellar with intercalated acetate ions, consisting of ZnO and α-Co(OH)2 phases.  The annealed films retain the same structure without impurities and consist of wurtzite-type ZnO and spinel-type Co3O4.  The photoelectrochem. performance and the specific capacitance of the prepd. electrodes were evaluated in 0.1 mol {\texttimes} L-1 NaOH aq. solns.  The obtained exptl. results showed that the values of specific capacitance increase with the increase in the amt. of cobalt (hydr)oxide.  On the contrary, the photoactivity decreases with the increase in cobalt content in the films. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {zinc cobalt oxide film steel structure morphol electrochem property},
	isbn = {0021-891X},
	author = {Sulciute, Agne and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Valatka, Eugenijus.}
}
@article {95,
	title = {Surface Photochemistry of Adsorbed Nitrate: The Role of Adsorbed Water in the Formation of Reduced Nitrogen Species on α-Fe2O3 Particle Surfaces.},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry A},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2014},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2013:1898077(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	pages = {158 - 166},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {The surface photochem. of nitrate, formed from nitric acid adsorption, on hematite (α-Fe2O3) particle surfaces under different environmental conditions is investigated using XPS.  Following exposure of α-Fe2O3 particle surfaces to gas-phase nitric acid, a peak in the N1s region is seen at 407.4 eV; this binding energy is indicative of adsorbed nitrate.  Upon broadband irradn. with light (λ > 300 nm), the nitrate peak decreases in intensity as a result of a decrease in adsorbed nitrate on the surface.  Concomitant with this decrease in the nitrate coverage, there is the appearance of two lower binding energy peaks in the N1s region at 401.7 and 400.3 eV, due to reduced nitrogen species.  The formation as well as the stability of these reduced nitrogen species, identified as NO- and N-, are further investigated as a function of water vapor pressure.  Addnl., irradn. of adsorbed nitrate on α-Fe2O3 generates three nitrogen gas-phase products including NO2, NO, and N2O.  As shown here, different environmental conditions of water vapor pressure and the presence of mol. oxygen greatly influence the relative photoproduct distribution from nitrate surface photochem.  The atm. implications of these results are discussed. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {surface photochem nitrate nitric acid adsorbate iron oxide particle},
	isbn = {1089-5639},
	author = {Nanayakkara, Charith E. and Jayaweera, Pradeep M. and Rubasinghege, Gayan and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Grassian, Vicki H.}
}
@article {114,
	title = {Selective Hydrothermal Method To Create Patterned and Photoelectrochemically Effective Pt/WO3 Interfaces.},
	journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2013},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2013:1794444(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	pages = {13050 - 13054},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {A hydrothermal method based on the use of hydrogen peroxide is described to grow a homogeneous layer of tungsten oxide (WO3) on a platinum (Pt) film supported on a silicon wafer.  WO3 growth is highly selective for Pt when present on silicon in a patterned arrangement, demonstrating that Pt catalyzes decompn. of the WO3 precursor in soln.  The obtained Pt/WO3 interface yields high photocurrents of 1.1 mA/cm2 in photoelectrochem. water splitting when illuminated by a solar simulator.  The photocurrents are significantly higher than most previously reported values for hydrothermally grown layers on indium-tin oxide and fluorine-tin oxide glasses.  The selective growth method thus provides new options to effectively implement WO3 in photoelectrochem. devices. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {hydrothermal patterned photoelectrochem effective platinum tungsten oxide interfaces},
	isbn = {1944-8244},
	author = {Zoontjes, Michel G. C. and Huijben, Mark and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and van der Wiel, Wilfred G. and Mul, Guido.}
}
@article {115,
	title = {Size-Dependent Changes in Sea Spray Aerosol Composition and Properties with Different Seawater Conditions.},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2013},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2013:690844(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	pages = {5603 - 5612},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {Much uncertainty exists regarding the chem. diversity of particles in sea spray aerosol (SSA) and the degree of mixing between inorg. and org. species in individual SSA particles.  Single particle anal. of SSA particles was performed, integrating transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray anal. and scanning transmission x-ray microscopy with near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, focusing on quantifying the relative fractions of different particle types from 30 nm to 1 μm.  SSA particles were produced from seawater in a unique ocean/atm. facility equipped with breaking waves.  Changes to SSA compn. and properties after adding biol. (bacteria, phytoplankton) and org. material (ZoBell growth media) were probed.  Sub-micrometer SSA particles could be sepd. into 2 distinct populations: one with a characteristic sea-salt core composed primarily of NaCl and an org. C and Mg2+ coating (SS-OC); and a second type consisting of org. C (OC) species more homogeneously mixed with cations and anions, but not Cl-.  SS-OC particles exhibited a range of sizes, compns., morphologies, and element distributions within each particle.  Following addn. of biol. and org. material to seawater, a change occurred in particle morphol. and crystn. behavior assocd. with increasing org. content for SS-OC particles.  The fraction of OC-type particles, mainly present at <180 nm, was dramatically enhanced with increased biol. activity.  These changes with size and seawater compn. have important implications for atm. processes, e.g., cloud droplet activation and heterogeneous reactivity. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {size dependent change sea spray aerosol compn},
	isbn = {0013-936X},
	author = {Ault, Andrew P. and Moffet, Ryan C. and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Collins, Douglas B. and Ruppel, Matthew J. and Cuadra-Rodriguez, Luis A. and Zhao, Defeng and Guasco, Timothy L. and Ebben, Carlena J. and Geiger, Franz M. and Bertram, Timothy H. and Prather, Kimberly A. and Grassian, Vicki H.}
}
@article {116,
	title = {Status and perspectives of CO2 conversion into fuels and chemicals by catalytic, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic processes.},
	journal = {Energy \& Environmental Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2013},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2013:1669488(Journal; General Review; Online Computer File)},
	pages = {3112 - 3135},
	publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
	abstract = {A review.  This review highlights recent developments and future perspectives in carbon dioxide usage for the sustainable prodn. of energy and chems. and to reduce global warming.  We discuss the heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation, as well as the photocatalytic and electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbons or oxygenates.  Various sources of hydrogen are also reviewed in terms of their CO2 neutrality.  Technologies have been developed for large-scale CO2 hydrogenation to methanol or methane.  Their industrial application is, however, limited by the high price of renewable hydrogen and the availability of large-vol. sources of pure CO2.  With regard to the direct electrocatalytic redn. of CO2 to value-added chems., substantial advances in electrodes, electrolyte, and reactor design are still required to permit the development of com. processes.  Therefore, in this review particular attention is paid to (i) the design of metal electrodes to improve their performance and (ii) recent developments of alternative approaches such as the application of ionic liqs. as electrolytes and of microorganisms as co-catalysts.  The most significant improvements both in catalyst and reactor design are needed for the photocatalytic functionalization of CO2 to become a viable technol. that can help in the usage of CO2 as a feedstock for the prodn. of energy and chems.  Apart from technol. aspects and catalytic performance, we also discuss fundamental strategies for the rational design of materials for effective transformations of CO2 to value-added chems. with the help of H2, electricity and/or light. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {carbon dioxide fuel chem catalytic photocatalytic electrocatalytic process review},
	isbn = {1754-5706},
	author = {Kondratenko, Evgenii V. and Mul, Guido and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Larrazabal, Gaston O. and Perez-Ramirez, Javier.}
}
@article {117,
	title = {Surface morphology, cohesive and adhesive properties of amorphous hydrogenated carbon nanocomposite films.},
	journal = {Applied Surface Science},
	volume = {276},
	year = {2013},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2013:610809(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	pages = {543 - 549},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	abstract = {In this work, amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H), SiOx-contg. a-C:H (a-C:H/SiOx) and nitrogen-doped a-C:H/SiOx (a-C:H:N/SiOx) thin films were deposited on chromium thin film-coated glass using a closed drift ion beam source.  Acetylene gas, hexamethyldisiloxane and hydrogen or 20\% nitrogen/hydrogen mixt. were used as precursors.  Resulting hydrogenated carbon thin film surface morphol. as well as their cohesive and adhesive properties were studied using progressive loading scratch tests followed by optical microscopy anal.  Surface anal. was also performed using at. force microscopy via topog., surface morphol. parameter, height distribution histogram and bearing ratio curve based hybrid parameter measurements.  The a-C:H/SiOx and a-C:H:N/SiOx thin films showed better mech. strength as compared to the conventional a-C:H films.  XPS was used to det. the chem. compn. of these films.  It showed increased amts. of silicon and absence of terminal oxygenated carbon bonds in a-C:H:N/SiOx thin film which was attributed to its improved mech. properties. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {amorphous hydrogenated carbon film morphol property nitrogen silicon doping},
	isbn = {0169-4332},
	author = {Lazauskas, A. and Grigaliunas, V. and Meskinis, S. and Ecarla, F. and Baltrusaitis, J.}
}
@article {118,
	title = {Synthesis and characterization of ligand stabilized CdS-Trititanate composite materials for visible light-induced photocatalytic water splitting.},
	journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2013},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2013:43824(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	pages = {2656 - 2669},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {We report a facile method for the synthesis of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) stabilized CdS-trititanate nanotube (CdS-TNT) composite materials.  The resultant materials were well characterized by powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, Raman spectroscopy, UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, XPS, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).  The photocatalytic performances of these materials were evaluated by monitoring the amt. of hydrogen evolved from water under visible light irradn.  The amt. of hydrogen evolved from MBA stabilized CdS-TNT composite materials were higher compared to MBA stabilized CdS, suggesting an important role of the TNT support.  The enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation in MBA stabilized CdS-TNT composite materials compared to CdS-MBA might have arisen from the effective charge sepn. in CdS-TNT composite materials, which was further supported by PL studies. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {cadmium sulfide trititanate composite visible light photocatalytic water splitting},
	isbn = {0360-3199},
	author = {Parayil, Sreenivasan Koliyat and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Wu, Chia-Ming and Koodali, Ranjit T.}
}
@article {119,
	title = {Synthesis and properties of polyamide-Ag2S composite based solar energy absorber surfaces.},
	journal = {Applied Surface Science},
	volume = {282},
	year = {2013},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2013:1064916(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	pages = {552 - 560},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	abstract = {Ag2S, an efficient solar light absorber, was synthesized using a modified chem. bath deposition (CBD) method and polyamide 6 (PA) as a host material via soln. phase reaction between AgNO3 and Na2S2O3.  XRD data showed a single, α-Ag2S (acanthite), cryst. phase present while surface and bulk chem. analyses, performed using XPS and EDS spectroscopies, showed 2:1 Ag:S ratio.  Direct and indirect bandgaps obtained from Tauc plots were 1.3 and 2.3 eV, resp.  Detailed surface chem. anal. showed 3 distinct S species with majority component due to the Ag2S chem. bonds and minority components due to 2 types of O-S bonds.  Cond. of the resulting composite material was shown to change with the reaction time thus enabling to obtain controlled cond. composite material.  The synthesis method presented is based on the low soly. of Ag2S and is potentially green, no byproduct producing, as all Ag2S nucleated outside the host material can be recycled into the process via dissolving it in HNO3. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {polyamide silver sulfide composite solar energy absorber surface},
	isbn = {0169-4332},
	author = {Krylova, Valentina and Baltrusaitis, Jonas.}
}
@article {120,
	title = {Synthesis and surface properties of polyamide-CuxSe composite thin films.},
	journal = {Applied Surface Science},
	volume = {283},
	year = {2013},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2013:1177435(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	pages = {360 - 366},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	abstract = {A study of copper selenide (CuxSe) thin film deposition on PA 6 polymer surface via adsorption/diffusion method and the resulting surface properties is presented.  A two-stage process used to deposit these thin films involves (a) selenization in 0.1 M K2SeS2O6 at pH 2.15 and 60{\textdegree}C followed by (b) treatment with 0.34 M Cu(II) and 0.06 M Cu(I) salt soln. at 80{\textdegree}C.  Resulting chem. and phys. properties of CuxSe films were investigated using XRD, XPS, SEM, and sheet resistivity measurements.  XRD data showed a complex mixt. of CuxSe phases with peaks due to the elemental Se present at longer exposures.  Thin film bulk elemental compn. varied with the exposure time whereas XPS anal. showed the surface to be slightly copper enriched.  Addnl., mostly Cu-Se bonds were obsd. on the surface with minor oxidn. products.  SEM cross-sectional anal. showed distinct CuxSe film formation on PA 6 surface with thickness of \~{}1-5 μm.  A sheet resistance of 150 {\textpm} 10 Ω/☐ was achieved after 120 min of selenization for all samples and remained const. after longer exposures. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {copper selenide film deposition polyamide surface property},
	isbn = {0169-4332},
	author = {Ivanauskas, Remigijus and Baltrusaitis, Jonas.}
}
@article {121,
	title = {Synthesis-dependent oxidation state of platinum on TiO2 and their influences on the solar simulated photocatalytic hydrogen production from water.},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry C},
	volume = {117},
	year = {2013},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2013:1198819(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	pages = {16850 - 16862},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {Platinized TiO2 photocatalysts of different compns. of Pt0 and PtO2 were prepd. by modifying the synthesis procedures.  The physicochem. properties of the composite materials were characterized by XPS and high-resoln. transmission electron microscopy.  Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements confirmed the presence of Pt species existing as PtO2 and/or mixts. of Pt0 and PtO2.  The composite material, Pt-TiO2-2\%H, contained a high amt. of metallic Pt0 and PtO2 in close proximity with TiO2 that promoted an enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity under simulated solar light irradn.  Although Pt-TiO2-2\%C and Pt-TiO2-2\%T consisted of similar compns. of PtO2, these oxidized platinum species seem to appear further apart from TiO2 in Pt-TiO2-2\%C than Pt-TiO2-2\%T.  This caused dramatic variation in their optical behaviors such as strong fluorescence quenching and lower photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity in the former photocatalyst.  A photocatalyst prepd. by the conventional photodeposition method was also prepd., characterized, and its photocatalytic activity assessed.  This work provides an opportunity to understand the role of PtO2 for photocatalytic prodn. of hydrogen from platinized TiO2 composites and the importance of heterojunctions in such photocatalysts for solar energy conversion. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {photocatalytic hydrogen prodn platinum oxidn state titania},
	isbn = {1932-7447},
	author = {Parayil, Sreenivasan Koliyat and Kibombo, Harrison S. and Wu, Chia-Ming and Peng, Rui and Kindle, Trevor and Mishra, Srujan and Ahrenkiel, S. Phil and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Dimitrijevic, Nada M. and Rajh, Tijana and Koodali, Ranjit T.}
}
@article {142,
	title = {Scaling down lateral dimensions of silicon nanopillars fabricated by reactive ion etching with Au/Cr self-assembled clusters as an etch mask.},
	journal = {Thin Solid Films},
	volume = {520},
	year = {2012},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2012:110019(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	month = {2012///},
	pages = {2041 - 2045},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	abstract = {Nanodot and nanopillar structures and precisely controlled reproducible fabrication thereof are of great interest in common nanoelectronic devices, including photonic crystals and surface plasmon resonance instruments.  In this work, fabrication process of the silicon nanopillar structures is described.  It includes self-organization of gold and chromium clusters at thickness close to that of one at. diam. to serve as etching masks followed by the reactive ion etching to form silicon nanopillars.  SEM and XPS were used to characterize self-organized gold and chromium clusters as well as the final silicon nanopillars.  This method was found to produce silicon nanopillars of sub-10 nm lateral dimensions and the diam.-to-height aspect ratio of up to 1:14. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {silicon nanopillar reactive ion etching gold chromium cluster},
	isbn = {0040-6090},
	author = {Kaliasas, R. and Baltrusaitis, J. and Mikolajunas, M. and Jakucionis, L. and Virzonis, D.}
}
@article {143,
	title = {Scope of stereoselective Mn-mediated radical addition to chiral hydrazones and application in a formal synthesis of quinine.},
	journal = {Journal of Organic Chemistry},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2012},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2012:213999(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	month = {2012///},
	pages = {3159 - 3180},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {Stereocontrolled Mn-mediated addn. of alkyl iodides to chiral N-acylhydrazones enables strategic C-C bond constructions at the stereogenic centers of chiral amines.  Applying this strategy to quinine suggested complementary synthetic approaches to construct C-C bonds attached at the nitrogen-bearing stereogenic center using multifunctional alkyl iodides, e.g, I, as radical precursors, or using multifunctional chiral N-acylhydrazones, e.g., II, as radical acceptors.  These were included among Mn-mediated radical addns. of various alkyl iodides to a range of chiral N-acylhydrazone radical acceptors, leading to the discovery that pyridine and alkene functionalities are incompatible.  In a revised strategy, these functionalities are avoided during the Mn-mediated radical addn. of I to chiral N-acylhydrazone II, which generated a key C-C bond with complete stereochem. control at the chiral amine carbon of quinine.  Subsequent elaboration included two sequential cyclizations to complete the azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane ring system.  Group selectivity between two 2-iodoethyl groups during the second cyclization favored an undesired azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring system, an outcome that was found to be consistent with transition state calcns. at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level.  Group differentiation at an earlier stage enabled an alternative regioconvergent pathway; this furnished the desired azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane ring system and afforded quincorine, completing a formal synthesis of quinine. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {alkyl iodide acylhydrazone radical additive cyclization manganese, azabicyclooctane ring system stereoselective prepn, manganese radical addn cyclization mediator, quincorine prepn intermediate quinine, quinine formal synthesis},
	isbn = {0022-3263},
	author = {Friestad, Gregory K. and Ji, An and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Korapala, Chandra Sekhar and Qin, Jun.}
}
@article {146,
	title = {The Structure, Thermodynamics, and Solubility of Organic Crystals from Simulation with a Polarizable Force Field.},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2012},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2012:553598(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	month = {2012///},
	pages = {1721 - 1736},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {An important unsolved problem in materials science is prediction of the thermodn. stability of org. crystals and their soly. from first principles.  Soly. can be defined as the satg. concn. of a mol. within a liq. solvent, where the phys. picture is of solvated mols. in equil. with their solid phase.  Despite the importance of soly. in detg. the oral bioavailability of pharmaceuticals, prediction tools are currently limited to quant. structure-property relationships that are fit to exptl. soly. measurements.  For the first time, we describe a consistent procedure for the prediction of the structure, thermodn. stability, and soly. of org. crystals from mol. dynamics simulations using the polarizable multipole AMOEBA force field.  Our approach is based on a thermodn. cycle that decomps. std. state soly. into the sum of solid-vapor sublimation and vapor-liq. solvation free energies ΔGsolubility{\textdegree} = ΔGsub{\textdegree} + ΔGsolv{\textdegree}, which are computed via the orthogonal space random walk (OSRW) sampling strategy.  Application to the n-alkylamides series from acetamide through octanamide was selected due to the dependence of their soly. on both amide hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic effect, which are each fundamental to protein structure and soly.  On av., the calcd. abs. std. state soly. free energies are accurate to within 1.1 kcal/mol.  The exptl. trend of decreasing soly. as a function of n-alkylamide chain length is recapitulated by the increasing stability of the cryst. state and to a lesser degree by decreasing favorability of solvation (i.e., the hydrophobic effect).  Our results suggest that coupling the polarizable AMOEBA force field with an orthogonal space based free energy algorithm, as implemented in the program Force Field X, is a consistent procedure for predicting the structure, thermodn. stability, and soly. of org. crystals. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {structure thermodn soly org crystal polarizable force field simulation},
	isbn = {1549-9618},
	author = {Schnieders, Michael J. and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Shi, Yue and Chattree, Gaurav and Zheng, Lianqing and Yang, Wei and Ren, Pengyu.}
}
@article {144,
	title = {Surface Chemistry of α-FeOOH Nanorods and Microrods with Gas-Phase Nitric Acid and Water Vapor: Insights into the Role of Particle Size, Surface Structure, and Surface Hydroxyl Groups in the Adsorption and Reactivity of α-FeOOH with Atmospheric Gases.},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry C},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2012},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2012:668168(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	month = {2012///},
	pages = {12566 - 12577},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {Heterogeneous interactions of H2O and HNO3 on goethite, α-FeOOH, a component of mineral dust aerosol, are studied with simultaneous QCM measurements and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.  Lab. synthesized α-FeOOH of varying sizes (microrods and nanorods) when exposed to gas phase H2O and HNO3 results in the uptake of these gases.  This combined approach of QCM measurements and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy allows for both quantification of the amt. of uptake and spectroscopic data that provides information on speciation of adsorbed products.  In the case of H2O, both microrods and nanorods take up H2O and that the total amts. of H2O, when normalized to surface area, are similar.  However, for HNO3 uptake, the satn. coverage of total and irreversibly bound HNO3 on microrods is higher than that on nanorods, a size effect which is attributed to surface structural changes that occur as a function of particle size.  Also, a study of the behavior of HNO3 reacted with α-FeOOH in aq. media was carried out such as to better understand the effects of atm. processing upon dispersal within the hydrosphere. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {iron hydroxide oxide nanorod microrod nitric acid water adsorption},
	isbn = {1932-7447},
	author = {Wijenayaka, Lahiru A. and Rubasinghege, Gayan and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Grassian, Vicki H.}
}
@article {145,
	title = {Synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of Ag-doped ZnO powders modified with a diblock copolymer.},
	journal = {Powder Technology},
	volume = {219},
	year = {2012},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2012:187661(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	month = {2012///},
	pages = {158 - 164},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	abstract = {Nanocryst. Ag-doped ZnO powders were prepd. directly from an aq. soln. of zinc acetate dihydrate and AgNO3 in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide), (PEO)19-b-(PPO)3, and NaOH at 70{\textdegree}.  The ZnO powders had an urchin-like shape without any dopant and this turned to an agglomerated rod-like structure when the Ag loading was <=0.5 mol\%.  If the Ag content was further increased, the urchin-like shape reappeared.  This may occur because the Ag aggregates at the grain boundary.  The finding that the diam. of the urchin-like shape decreases as the Ag concns. increase, can be explained by the pinning effect of the Ag particles as obstacles that inhibit the grain migration and grain growth.  An increase of the photocatalytic efficiency for degrading methylene blue increases with the Ag loading up to 1.0 mol\% while the best of the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was found at 0.5-0.8 mol\% of Ag.  However, the different Ag loadings in the ZnO powders had no effect on the antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {silver doped zinc oxide photocatalyst prepn antibacterial activity},
	isbn = {0032-5910},
	author = {Amornpitoksuk, Pongsaton and Suwanboon, Sumetha and Sangkanu, Suthinee and Sukhoom, Ampaitip and Muensit, Nantakan and Baltrusaitis, Jonas.}
}
@article {158,
	title = {Semiconducting Organic Assemblies Prepared from Tetraphenylethylene Tetracarboxylic Acid and Bis(pyridine)s via Charge-Assisted Hydrogen Bonding.},
	journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
	volume = {133},
	year = {2011},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2011:625565(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {8490 - 8493},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {Principles of crystal engineering have been applied toward the construction of supramol. assemblies between an acid-functionalized tetraphenylethylene deriv. and three different bis(pyridine)s [4,4{\textquoteright}-bis(pyridyl)ethylene, 4,4{\textquoteright}-bis(pyridyl)ethane, and 4,4{\textquoteright}-bipyridine].  Each assembly was structurally characterized, and charge transfer interactions within each sample were visually apparent.  Quantum chem. calcns. were used to det. crystal band structure and band gap magnitude, and elec. properties of the materials were measured using conducting probe at. force microscopy (CP-AFM).  The crystals displayed charge-carrier capability, and the magnitude of semicond. varied systematically as a function of conjugation in the bis(pyridine) component.  Crystals incorporating 4,4{\textquoteright}-bis(pyridyl)ethylene and 4,4{\textquoteright}-bipyridine displayed conductivities comparable to those of established org. semiconductors (μeff = 0.38 and 1.7 {\texttimes} 10-2 cm2/V{\textperiodcentered}s, resp.). [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {semiconductor tetraphenylethylene tetracarboxylic acid bispyridine charge assisted hydrogen bond},
	isbn = {0002-7863},
	author = {Kapadia, Pradeep P. and Ditzler, Lindsay R. and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Swenson, Dale C. and Tivanski, Alexei V. and Pigge, F. Christopher.}
}
@article {159,
	title = {Sulfur Dioxide Adsorption on TiO2 Nanoparticles: Influence of Particle Size, Coadsorbates, Sample Pretreatment, and Light on Surface Speciation and Surface Coverage.},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry C},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2011},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2010:1546849(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {492 - 500},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {The adsorption of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle surfaces at 296 K under a wide range of conditions has been investigated.  XPS is used to investigate the surface speciation and surface coverage of sulfur-contg. products on ca. 4 nm TiO2 anatase particles that remain on the surface following adsorption of SO2.  The effects of various environmental conditions of relative humidity, mol. oxygen, and broadband UV/vis irradn. as well as sample pretreatment were found to impact the speciation of adsorbed SO2 as well as the satn. coverage.  In particular, in the absence of light, the majority surface species upon SO2 adsorption is found to be adsorbed sulfite.  Broadband UV/vis irradn. during sulfur dioxide adsorption leads to an increase (nearly 2-fold) in the amt. of adsorbed sulfur species, as compared to expts. with no light, and results in the formation of adsorbed sulfate.  The formation of sulfate was quant. in the presence of mol. oxygen.  New surface species including chemisorbed mol. SO2 were obsd. on samples that have been reduced in vacuum through argon ion sputtering.  The total amt. of adsorbed sulfur was impacted by surface hydroxyl group coverage and molecularly adsorbed water layer.  Addnl., comparison of sulfur dioxide adsorption on 4 vs. 32 nm sized anatase nanoparticles showed that surface satn. coverages of adsorbed sulfite on the 4 nm particles was almost twice that of 32 nm particles as measured by the S2p:Ti2p peak area ratios, thus showing an increase in the inherent adsorption capacity of the smaller particles.  Proposed adsorption sites and mechanisms to account for the obsd. exptl. data are discussed. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {adsorption sulfur dioxide titania nanoparticle surface speciation irradn},
	isbn = {1932-7447},
	author = {Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Jayaweera, Pradeep M. and Grassian, Vicki H.}
}
@article {160,
	title = {Sulfur Dioxide Adsorption on ZnO Nanoparticles and Nanorods.},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry C},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2011},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2011:546775(Journal; Online Computer File)},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {10164 - 10172},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {ZnO nanomaterials, nanoparticles, and nanorods, were synthesized over a wide range of sizes with relatively high yield (\~{}90-95\%).  The synthesis method allows for size control by varying the amt. of water used and morphol. control by varying the zinc precursor (zinc acetate for nanoparticles or zinc acetylacetonate for nanorods).  These nanomaterials were analyzed with powder x-ray diffraction and attenuated total reflection FTIR spectroscopy.  Sulfur dioxide adsorption on nanoparticles and nanorods of different size was then studied using volumetric measurements, transmission FTIR spectroscopy, and XPS.  Nanoparticles and nanorods of several different sizes were heated to 550{\textdegree} to remove surface-adsorbed org. ligands that remained after the synthesis prior to exposure to SO2.  Spectroscopic anal. revealed the formation of several surface species, including sulfate, sulfite, sulfide, and weakly bound SO2.  Quantifying surface speciation as well as the total amt. of adsorbed sulfur from XPS and volumetric data reveals that sulfur speciation as well as the total amt. of adsorbed sulfur is a function of particle size and morphol. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {sulfur dioxide adsorption zinc oxide nanoparticle nanorod},
	isbn = {1932-7447},
	author = {Wu, Chia-Ming and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Gillan, Edward G. and Grassian, Vicki H.}
}
@article {171,
	title = {Supramolecular Catalysis in the Organic Solid State through Dry Grinding.},
	journal = {Angewandte Chemie, International Edition},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2010},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2010:708671(Journal)},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {4273 - 4277},
	publisher = {Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH \& Co. KGaA},
	abstract = {We report a ditopic supramol. receptor, in the form of the bifunctional hydrogen-bond donor 4,6-dichlororesorcinol (4,6-diCl-res) that operates as a supramol. catalyst in the absence of solvent (Figure 1).  The catalytic reaction is a [2+2] photodimerization of trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (4,4{\textquoteright}-bpe).  The reaction results in the stereospecific formation of rctt-tetrakis(4-pyridyl)cyclobutane (4,4{\textquoteright}-tpcb) in near quant. yield.  We employ mechanochem. energy in the form of dry mortar- and-pestle grinding, in a two-step process that we demonstrate results in reactions between different cryst. phases. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {crystal structure photoproduct stereoselective photodimer trans bis pyridylethylene, solid state photodimerization trans bis pyridylethylene dry grinding},
	isbn = {1433-7851},
	author = {Sokolov, Anatoliy N. and Bucar, Dejan-Kresimir and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Gu, Sean X. and MacGillivray, Leonard R.}
}
@article {178,
	title = {A study of stacked PECVD silicon nitride films used for surface micromachined membranes.},
	journal = {Thin Solid Films},
	volume = {516},
	year = {2008},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2008:1086703(Journal)},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {8788 - 8792},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	abstract = {Silicon nitride stacked films contg. three layers differing in mech.-chem. properties are synthesized using plasma-enhanced chem. vapor deposition method from monosilane (SiH4) and ammonia (NH3) mixt.  The compn. is analyzed using XPS and stress is measured using a substrate bending method.  The ability to obtain stacked films with the custom tensile stress in the overall structure was demonstrated by the series of expts.  The tensile stress in the top and bottom films was obtained between 200 and 300 MPa whereas the stress in the middle film could be adjusted from compressive 60 MPa to tensile 300 MPa.  Since the appropriate stress value is important in achieving required mech. properties of the membranes, the results obtained are discussed in the context of surface micromachined membrane structures. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {plasma CVD stacked silicon nitride film surface micromachined membrane},
	isbn = {0040-6090},
	author = {Mikolajunas, M. and Kaliasas, R. and Andrulevicius, M. and Grigaliunas, V. and Baltrusaitis, J. and Virzonis, D.}
}
@article {186,
	title = {Sialolith characterization by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.},
	journal = {ScanningScanning},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2007},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2007:1306729(Journal)},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {206 - 210},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.},
	abstract = {The objective of this study has been to characterize sialolith, a calcium phosphate deposit that develops in the human oral cavity, by high-resoln. field emission SEM and XPS.  The morphol. and chem. data obtained helped in the detn. of their formation mechanism in salivary glands.  Sialoliths in the submandibular salivary glands may arise secondary to sialodenitis, but not via a luminal org. nidus.  We believe this is the first study that characterizes a sialolith by XPS. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {sialolith SEM X ray photoelectron spectroscopy},
	isbn = {0161-0457},
	author = {Giray, C. Bahadir and Dogan, Meral and Akalin, Ayse and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Chan, Daniel C. N. and Skinner, H. Catherine W. and Dogan, A. Umran.}
}
@article {187,
	title = {Spatially Resolved Product Formation in the Reaction of Formic Acid with Calcium Carbonate (101̅4): The Role of Step Density and Adsorbed Water-Assisted Ion Mobility.},
	journal = {Langmuir},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2007},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2007:521222(Journal)},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {7039 - 7045},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {The reaction of calcium carbonate (101̅4) single-crystal surfaces with formic acid (HCOOH) vapor was investigated using at. force microscopy (AFM) and XPS.  AFM images indicate the reaction produces rather well-defined crystallites, preferentially at step edges and at distinct angles to one another and mirroring the rhombohedral structure of the calcite surface, while exposing unreacted carbonate surface.  The size and surface d. of the crystallites depend upon substrate step d., exposure time, and relative humidity.  XPS data confirmed the crystallite compn. as the expected calcium formate product.  The AFM images show erosion and pit formation of the calcite surface in the vicinity of the product crystallites, clearly providing the spatially resolved characterization of the source of Ca ions.  AFM expts. exploring the effects of water vapor on the reacted surface show that the calcium formate crystallites are mobile under conditions of high relative humidity, combining to form larger crystallites and nanometer-sized crystals with an orthorhombohedral habit consistent with the α form, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction.  The implications for the reactions described here are discussed. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {step density ion mobility reaction formic acid calcium carbonate},
	isbn = {0743-7463},
	author = {Usher, Courtney R. and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Grassian, Vicki H.}
}
@article {181,
	title = {A Spectroscopic Study of Atmospherically Relevant Concentrated Aqueous Nitrate Solutions.},
	journal = {J. Phys. Chem. AJournal of Physical Chemistry A},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2007},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2007:8813(Journal)},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {544 - 548},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {Concd. aq. NO3- aerosols are present in the earth atm. due to heterogeneous reactions of sea salt and mineral dust aerosol with NOx (e.g., NO2, NO3, HNO3, N2O5).  Since the water content of these aerosols depends on relative humidity (RH), the compn. and NO3- concn. also depends on RH.  Unlike the original aerosols, aq. NO3- aerosols are photochem. active at solar wavelengths.  To better understand the NO3- chromophore in concd. aq. NO3- aerosols, the attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform IR spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) and UV/VIS spectra of concd. NO3- solns. were measured over a large concn. range.  Both ATR-FTIR and UV/VIS spectroscopy showed changes in NO3- spectra with increasing concn.  Ab-initio calcns. were used to aid in assigning and interpreting these spectra.  From these data, it was predicted that aq. NO3- aerosols photoreactivity will strongly depend on RH since the mol. and electronic structure of NO3- becomes increasingly perturbed from that of the isolated ion in highly concd. atmospherically-relevant solns. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform IR spectroscopy analysis, particulate air pollution nitrate aerosol spectroscopic assessment, sea salt mineral dust atm reaction nitrate aerosol formation, spectroscopic assessment atm relevant concd aq nitrate soln, UV visible spectroscopy atm nitrate aerosol analysis},
	isbn = {1089-5639},
	author = {Hudson, Paula K. and Schwarz, Jaclyn and Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Gibson, Elizabeth R. and Grassian, Vicki H.}
}
@article {188,
	title = {Surface Reactions of Carbon Dioxide at the Adsorbed Water-Oxide Interface.},
	journal = {J. Phys. Chem. CJournal of Physical Chemistry C},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2007},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2007:1033025(Journal)},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {14870 - 14880},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {In this study, FTIR spectroscopy is used to investigate surface reactions of carbon dioxide at the adsorbed water-oxide interface.  In particular, FTIR spectra following CO2 adsorption in the presence and absence of coadsorbed water on hydroxylated nanoparticulate Fe2O3 and γ-Al2O3 at 296 K are reported.  In the absence of coadsorbed water, CO2 reacts with surface O-H groups to form adsorbed bicarbonate on the surface.  In the presence of coadsorbed water, this reaction is blocked as water hydrogen bonds to the reactive M-OH sites.  Instead, CO2 reacts with adsorbed water to yield adsorbed carbonate and protonated surface hydroxyl groups, M-OH2+, through a proposed carbonic acid intermediate.  The carbonate spectra recorded between 10 and 90\% RH are nearly identical to that of carbonate adsorbed on these surfaces in the presence of the liq. water.  FTIR isotope studies show that there is extensive exchange between oxygen in adsorbed water and oxygen atoms in both adsorbed carbonate and gas-phase carbon dioxide.  On the basis of these exptl. results along with quantum chem. calcns., a mechanism is proposed for surface reactions of carbon dioxide at the adsorbed water-oxide interface. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {surface reaction carbon dioxide adsorbed water oxide interface},
	isbn = {1932-7447},
	author = {Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Schuttlefield, Jennifer D. and Zeitler, Elizabeth and Jensen, Jan H. and Grassian, Vicki H.}
}
@article {192,
	title = {Surface reactions of carbon dioxide at the adsorbed water-iron oxide interface.},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry B},
	volume = {109},
	year = {2005},
	note = {CAPLUS AN 2005:466038(Journal)},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {12227 - 12230},
	publisher = {American Chemical Society},
	abstract = {Despite the fact that CO2 is an abundant atm. gas with profound environmental implications, there is little information on the reaction of CO2 at the adsorbed water-oxide interface.  In this study, the chem. of CO2 at the adsorbed water-iron oxide interface was investigated with FTIR spectroscopy.  As shown here, the thin water layer on the iron oxide surface plays an important role in the surface chem. of CO2.  In particular, adsorbed water enhances CO2 uptake, undergoes isotope exchange with CO2 in O(18)-labeled expts., and influences the chem. nature of the predominant adsorbed product on the surface from bicarbonate to carbonate.  The resultant thin water film is acidic in nature from the reaction of CO2.  The IR spectrum recorded of adsorbed carbonate at the adsorbed water-iron oxide interface is remarkably similar to that at the bulk liq. water-iron oxide interface.  Since reactions in thin water films estd. to be ≈2 layers will play a role in a no. of environmental processes, it is essential to understand the chem. of these "wet" interfaces with atm. gases. [on SciFinder(R)]},
	keywords = {carbon dioxide surface reaction water adsorbate iron oxide},
	isbn = {1520-6106},
	author = {Baltrusaitis, Jonas and Grassian, Vicki H.}
}
